PV-PSC-2026-031

Perovskite solar cell (n-i-p) — J-V and stability notebook

Identity

Sample ID	PV-PSC-2026-031
Title	Perovskite solar cell (n-i-p) — J-V and stability notebook
Status	In progress
Operator	Dr. G. Öztürk
Laboratory / Facility	Thin-Film Photovoltaics Lab (glovebox)

Substrate / Material

Substrate Material	FTO-coated glass
Supplier	Ossila
Size	1.5 × 1.5 cm
Active Layer Material	FA₀.₈₃MA₀.₁₇Pb(I₀.₉Br₀.₁)₃ perovskite

Ambient Conditions

Ambient Temperature (°C)	23.0
Relative Humidity (%)	0.5
Cleanroom Class	N₂ glovebox (<1 ppm O₂/H₂O)

Notes

Tags	PV, perovskite, J-V, hysteresis, PCE, stability
Notes	Spin-coat + anti-solvent method; all steps performed in N₂ glovebox.

Process Steps

Solution and layer materials (Materials / Recipe)

Material / Composition	Quantity	Unit	Brand	Model	Lot / Batch
PbI₂	1.3	M	TCI	—	L4471
FAI (formamidinium iodide)	1.1	M	GreatCell	—	G2208
SnO₂ colloid (ETL)	15	%	Alfa Aesar	—	A9981
Spiro-OMeTAD (HTL)	72	mg/mL	Lumtec	—	LT-S922
Chlorobenzene (anti-solvent)	150	µL	Sigma	anhydrous	S6630

Perovskite layer — spin-coat + anti-solvent (Thin Film Deposition)

Technique	Spin-coat
Material / Target / Precursor	FA/MA mixed perovskite precursor solution (DMF:DMSO 4:1)
Equipment	Laurell spin-coater (inside glovebox)
Substrate Temperature (°C)	25
Duration (min)	0.5
Rate (nm/min or Å/s)	1000 rpm 10 s → 5000 rpm 30 s
Target Thickness (nm)	550
Measured Thickness (nm)	540
Final Step	150 µL chlorobenzene drop-cast at the 5th s; then annealing at 100 °C / 30 min

Mirror-like reflective, dark brown film; no pinholes (optical microscope).

J-V scan (forward + reverse) (Measurement Context)

Instrument	Keithley 2400 + solar simulator (AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm²)
Calibration Status	Calibrated with Si reference cell
Uncertainty (±)	±2% J (simulator)
Caption	Masked area 0.09 cm²; forward (Jsc→Voc) and reverse direction; hysteresis index calculated.

Voc=1.12 V · Jsc=23.4 mA/cm² · FF=0.78 · PCE=20.4% (reverse); HI≈0.05 (low hysteresis).

PV performance metrics (vs target) (Result (Spec))

Parameter	Value	Uncertainty (±)	Unit	Specification	Pass
PCE (reverse scan)	20.4	0.4	%	≥18	✓
Voc	1.12	0.01	V	≥1.05	✓
Jsc	23.4	0.5	mA/cm²	≥22	✓
FF	0.78	0.01	—	≥0.74	✓
Hysteresis index	0.05		—	≤0.10	✓

Stability tracking (MPP, 200 h) (Statistics / Data Summary)

N (number of samples)	6
Mean	92% of initial PCE retained (T92)
Std. Deviation	3%
CV (%)	3.3%
Min	88%
Max	95%
Method / Software	Encapsulated; maximum power point tracking (MPPT), 200 h, 1 sun, 45 °C

Lead (Pb) safety note (Safety / SDS Risk)

Chemical / Agent	PbI₂ / perovskite (contains Pb)
GHS Class / H-Statements	H360 (reproductive), H332/H302 (acute)
Hazard	Toxic heavy metal; risk of dust/solution contact and inhalation
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)	Nitrile gloves (double), goggles, glovebox / fume hood
Exposure Limit	0.05 mg/m³ for Pb (8 h TWA)
First Aid	Skin contact: rinse with plenty of water. Ingestion: seek medical care immediately, show MSDS.
SDS Link / File	sds/PbI2_TCI.pdf
Risk Level	High